Katalog Glosari Perhutanan

Kata	Takrifan
A / R	Afforestation and Reforestation
AADCP	ASEAN-Australia Development Cooperation Programme
AAU	Assigned Amount Unit
ABS	Access to genetic resources and benefit sharing, Acronym used in the context of biodiversity negotiations
ACAP	Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrel. One of the Agreements under the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animal (CMS). Adopted in 2001, and entered into force in 2004
ACB	ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity
ACDM	ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management
ACECA	ASEAN-Canada Economic Cooperation Management
ACEDAC	ASEAN Centre for Development of Agriculture Cooperatives
ACFTA	ASEAN-China Joint Cooperation Committee
ACP	ASEAN Cooperation Plan
ACSSOC	ASEAN-China Senior Official Consultation
ACT	ASEAN Consultation to Solve Trade and Investment Issues
ACTC	ASEAN Centre for Combating Transnational Crime
ACTR	ASEAN Common Technical Requirements
AD	Avoided Deforestation
Adaptation	1-�� Actions taken to help communities and ecosystems cope with changing climate conditions (UNFCCC)
	2-�� Genetically determined characteristic that enhances the ability of an organism to cope with its environment (CBD)
ADB	Asian Development Bank
Additionality	1-�� Funding principal envisaged to ensure that the Global Environment Facility funds do not substitute for existing development finance but provide new and additional funding to produce agreed global environmental benefits.
	2-�� Approval test for projects under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. CDM projects are considered additional if they would not have taken place in the absence of the CDM
ADORC	Acid Deposition and Oxidant Resource Centre (Japan)
ADPC	ASEAN Agricultural Development Planning Centre
AEC	ASEAN Economic Community
AEG	ASEAN Experts Group
AEGDM	ASEAN Expert Group Meeting in Disaster Management
AEG-IFPP	ASEAN Experts Working Group on International Forest Policy Process
AEM	ASEAN Economic Ministers Meeting
AEMC	ASEAN-European Community Management Centre
AEMM	ASEAN-EU Ministerial Meeting
AEP	ASEAN Environmental Partnership
AF	ASEAN Foundation
AFCC	ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change: Agriculture and Forestry Towards Food Security (AFCC)
AFMM	ASEAN Finance Ministers Meeting
AFoCO	Asian Forest Cooperation Organization
AFOLU	Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
A forestation	The direct human-induces conversion of land that has not been forested for a period of at least 50 years to forested land through planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources (UNFCCC)
Agenda 21	Programme of action on sustainable development adopted at the UN conference on Environment and Development in 1992, often referred to as the ?Blueprint for Sustainable Development?. Agenda 21 has 40 chapters dealing with all aspects of sustainable development, including social and economic dimension (combating poverty and promoting human health), conservation and resource management, major groups (e.g. women, indigenous people, business and unions), and means of implementation (e.g. financial resources, transfer of technology, public awareness and education)
AFPIC	ASEAN Forest Product Industry Club
AFP	Asia Forest Partnership
AFTA	ASEAN Free Trade Area
AGB	Above Ground Biomass
AHEWS	ASEAN Agricultural Hazards Early Warning System
AHIA	ASEAN Heads of Investment Agencies
AHPISA	Animal Health and Production Information System for ASEAN
AHTEG	Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group. Within the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), a group of expert?s convened one or serval times to provide expert advice to the Conference of the Parties on specific issues. Example: AHTEG on climate change and biodiversity
AHTN	ASEAN Harmonised Tariff Nomenclature
AHTN RC	ASEAN Harmonised Tariff Nomenclature Review Committee
AIFM	ASEAN Institute of Forest Management
AIJSCC	ASEAN-India Joint Sectoral Cooperation Committee
AJCCEP	ASEAN-Japan Committee on Comprehensive Economic Partnership
AJCEP	ASEAN-Japan Closer Economic Partnership
AJCEPEG	ASEAN-Japan Closer Economic Partnership Expert Group
AJCGM	ASEAN-Japan Consultative Group Meeting
AJDF	ASEAN Japan Development Fund
AKECOP	ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Project
AKEG	ASEAN-Korea Expert Group
AKFTA	ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Area
AKTNG/TNC	ASEAN-Korea Trade Negotiating Group/Trade Negotiating Committee
AMAF	ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry
AMBDC	ASEAN Mekong Basin Development Cooperation
AMS	ASEAN Members States
AMCAP	ASEAN Minerals Cooperation Action Plan
AMM	ASEAN Ministerial Meeting
AMME	ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on the Environment
AMMDM	ASEAN Ministerial Meeting On Disaster Management
AMMH	ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Haze
ANDIN	ASEAN Natural Disasters Information Network
Anthropogenic Emissions	Greenhouse-gas emissions resulting from human activities, under the UNFCCC
AOSIS	Alliance of Small Island States. A negotiating group and an hoc coalition of 43 small island and low-lying coastal States in the UNFCCC
ANZEC	ASEAN-New Zealand Economic Cooperation Programme
ANZJMC	ASEAN-New Zealand Joint Management Committee
APJSCC	ASEAN-Pakistan Joint Sectoral cooperation Committee
APAFRI	ASEAN-Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institute
APEC	Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
APFNet	Asia-Pacific Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation
APMI	ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative
APMS	ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy
APO	Association Professional Officer / Asian Productivity Organization (Japan)
ARC	ASEAN Research Centre
ARCBC	ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation
ARD	Agriculture, Reforestation, and Deforestation
ARA	Academic Research Agreement
ARKN	ASEAN Regional Knowledge Network
ARPDM	ASEAN Regional Programme on Disaster Management
ASCC	ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
ASEC	ASEAN Secretariat
ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations. A regional community of 10 States with the aim of accelerating economic growth and social progress, and promoting peace and security
ASEAN-6	The six major Association of southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) countries of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand
ASEAN-WEN	ASEAN Wildlife Enforcement Network
ASOEN	ASEAN Senior Officials on Environment
ASEP	ASEAN Sub-Regional Environment Programme
ASFCC	ASEAN-Swiss Partnership on Social Forestry and Climate Change
ASMC	ASEAN Specialized Meteorological Centre
ASNEM	ASEAN Network for Environment Management
ASOF	ASEAN Senior Officials on Forestry
ASPEN	ASEAN Strategic Plan of Action on the Environment
ATF	Automotive Authorised Treatment Facilities Framework
ATTC	ASEAN Timber Technology Centre
AWGCC	ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change
AWG-CCF	ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change and Forest
AWGEE	ASEAN Working Group on Environmental Economics
AWGEM	ASEAN Working Group on Environmental Management
AWG-KP	Ad-Hoc Working Group on Kyoto Protocol
AWG-LCA	Ad-Hoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperation Action
AMS	ASEAN Member States
AWG-SF	ASEAN Working Group on Social Forestry (previously known as ASFN)
AWG-FM	ASEAN Working Group on Forest Management
AWGFPD	ASEAN Working Group on Forest Products
	Development
AWGMEA	ASEAN Working Group on Multilateral Environmental Agreements
AWGNC	ASEAN Working Group on Nature Conservation
AWGNCB	ASEAN Working Group on Nature Conservation and Biodiversity
AWGTP	ASEAN Working Group on Transboundary Pollution
AWMS	Animal Waste Management System
Basel Convention	Shorthand for the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal. Adopted in 1989, entered into force in 1992
BAU	Business as Usual, A BAU baseline represent a projection of what would happen without an intervention, and in this instances serves as a benchmark to measure the impact of REDD actions
BAP	Bali Action Plan
BEI	Building Energy Index
Berlin Mandate	A decision adopted at the first Conference of the parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and which led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol
BCH	Biosafety Clearing House (in context of the Biosafety Protocol)
Binding	Adjective which means that an instrument entails on obligation (usually for States) under international law.
Biodiversity	Shorthand for biological diversity. Variability among living organism from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
Biomass Fuels	Energy sources that are renewable as long as the vegetation producing is maintained or replanted, such as firewood, alcohol fermented from sugar, and combustible oils extracted from soy beans. Their use in place of fossil fuels cuts greenhouse gas emissions because the plants that are their sources recapture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Bioprospecting	Exploration of biodiversity for commercially, scientifically, or culturally valuable genetic and biochemical resources
Biosafety	Set of measures or action addressing the safety aspects related to the application of biotechnologies (see biotechnology) and to the release into the environment to transgenic plants and other organisms, particularly microorganisms, that could negatively affect plant genetic resources, plant, animal or human health, or at the environment
Biosphere reserves	Sites recognized under UNESCO?s man and Biosphere Programme with innovate and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable development. They are of course under national sovereign and ideas nationally, regionally and internationally within the Words Network of Biosphere Reserves. There are 482 sites worldwide in 102 countries.
BOF	Blast Oxygen Furnace
Bonn Guidelines	Shorthand for Bonn Guideline on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising out of Other Utilization. Adopted by the Sixth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), in 2002
Budgetary Cost	Expected actual costs incurred by countries investing in capacity building policies and measures related to REDD. Calculated based on actual costs incurred historically for similar activities, adjusted where possible for country specific situations
Brundtland Commission	Short for the World Commission on Environment and Development. Named after its Chair, Gro Herlem Brundtland, Norwegian Prime Minister. The Commission produced a report in 1987, Our Common Future, which laid down the concept of sustainable development
BUR	Biennial Update Report
BUR-ICA	Biennial Update Report International Consultation and Analysis
Bushmeat	Meat for human consumption derived from wild animals
CAT	Cap and Trade. An emission trading system wherein an international or national regulator establishes an overall cap on emissions, issues emission units or rights, and allows the transfer and acquisition of such rights
CAP	Compliance Action Plan
Capacity Building	Process of developing the technical skills, institutional capability, and personnel
Carbon Market	A popular term for a trading system though which countries may buy or sell units of greenhouse-gas emission in effort to meet their national limits on emissions, either under the Kyoto protocol or under agreements, such as that among member states of the European Union
Carbon sequestration	The process of removing additional carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in other ?reservoirs?, principally through changes in land use. In practical terms, the carbon sequestration occurs mostly through the expansion of Forest
Carbon tax	Tax by governments on the use of carbon-containing fuels
Cartagena Protocol	Shorthand for the Cartagena Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region. Adopted in 1983, entered into force 1986
Caucus	A group of like-minded delegations, which meet both during and outside negotiations to develop common positions and negotiation strategies
CBO	Community Based Organization
CBD	Convention on Biological Diversity. Adopted in 1992. Entered into force in 1993. One of the Rio Conventions
CBD COP	Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity
C & I	Criteria and Indicator
CCAP	Centre for Clean Air Policy
CCPMs	Common and Coordinated Policies and Measure
CCCCC	Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre
CCD	Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification
CDI	Capacity Development Initiative (GEF)
CDM	Clean Development Mechanism. One of the three market-based mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), whereby developed countries may finance greenhouse gas emissions-avoiding projects in developing countries, and receive credits for doing so which they may apply towards meeting mandatory limits on their own emissions (UNFCCC)
CEECs	Central and Eastern European Countries
CEPA	Communication, educations and public awareness
CERs	Certified Emission Reductions. Unit equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, which may be used by countries listed in Annex I of the Kyoto Protocol towards meeting their binding emission reduction and limitation commitments.
CETDEM	Centre for Environment, Technology and Development Malaysia
CFCs	Chlorofluorocarbon. A category of chemical substances that contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer. Regulated under Montreal Protocol.
CFS	Central Forest Spine
CfRN	Coalition for Rainforest Nations
CG 11	Central Group 11
CGRFA	Commission on Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture. Permanent forum established in 1993 under the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), where governments discuss and negotiate matter relevant to genetic for food and agriculture
CHM	Clearing-house Mechanism
CICERO	Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research
CIFOR	Centre for International Forestry Research
CISDL	Centre for International Sustainable Development Law
CITES	Convention International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Adopted in 1973, entered into force in 1975.
Climate Change	Change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods (UNFCCC)
Climate Conventions	The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol
CLRTAP	Convention on Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution
CMS	Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Also called the Bonn Convention. Adopted in 1979, and entered into force in 1983.
Coalition	A group of like-minded States or delegation that work together towards a common objective
COFI	Committee on Fisheries of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
COFO	Committee on Forestry
COGEPAF	Participatory Forest Management Committee (Benin) (known by its French acronym)
CO2E	Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
Community Forestry	Forestry management that includes local people in planning and implementing forestry activities
Complementarities	Funding principle according to which funded activities must be coherent with national programmes and policies to maximize global environment benefits
Compliance	Fulfilment by a Party of its obligations under an international agreement
Compliance-Grade MRV	A monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) process that ensure reliable climate benefit, associated with real and measurable emission reductions and enhancement of removals (quantified in tonnes of CO@, equivalent) that are compliant with the standards required by the IPCC
Conference of the Parties	One of the designations for the main negotiating body under an international agreement. The COP is a policy-making body that meets periodically to take stock of implementation of the agreement and adopt decisions, resolutions, or recommendations for the future implementation of the agreement.
consensus	A made of adoption of decisions, resolutions, or recommendation without voting. A decision is adopted by consensus if there is no formal explicit, objection made. Whether there is consensus on an issues or not is determined by the presiding officer on the basic of the views expressed by delegates and his/her subjective assessment of the sense of the meeting.
Contract Group	A group formed during negotiations to reach consensus on an issue proving particularly contentious. May be established by the COP or a Committee of the Whole and is open to all Parties and sometimes to observers.
Convention	A binding agreement between States. Generally used for formal multilateral instruments with a broad number of parties
COP	Conference of the Parties
COP/MOP	Conference of the Parties to a Convention serving as Meeting of the Parties to a Protocol
COW	Committee of the whole. Subset of a Plenary, open to all Parties, to facilitate negotiations on specific issues. Often created by a COP to aid in negotiating text, it consists of the same membership as the COP. When the committee has finished its work, it turn the text over to the COP, which finalized and adopts the texts during a plenary session.
CPA	Component Project Activities
CPF	Collaborative Partnership on Forest. A partnership of 14 international organizations, the work of which has relevance to forest.
CREHO	Regional Ramsar Centre for Training and Research on Wetlands in the Western Hemisphere (known by its Spanish acronym)
CRIC	Committee for the Review of Implementations of the Convention. Within the context of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the subsidiary body that reviews how Parties implement their commitments under the convention.
CRP	Conference Room Paper. Working documents during negotiations. The acronym is also used to reference these documents
CSD	(UN) Commission on Sustainable Development. Called for in Agenda 21 and established by ECOSOC as the highest level forum within the UN on sustainable development. Mandated to monitor the implementation of Agenda 21
CSER	Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility
CV	Curriculum Vitae
Dbh	Diameter at breast height
DAF	Development adjustment Factor
DD	Deforestation and Forest Degradation
DEFRA	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom)
DENR	Department of Environment and Natural Resources the Philippines
DEPI	Division of Environmental Policy Implementation of UNEP
Decision	Formal expression of the will of the governing body of an international organization or international agreement. Usually binding but may also correspond to soft law
Declaration	A formal statement of aspirations issued by a meeting. Usually issued by higher-level representatives. A declaration is not binding
Deforestation	The direct human-induce conversion of forested land to non-forested land (UNFCCC)
Degradation	Changes within the forest that negatively affect the structure or function of the forest and thereby lower its capacity to supply products and/or service. With respect to REDD, degradation refers specifically to a reduction in carbon density
DGD	Decision Guidance Document
DGEFC	Division of Global Environment Facility Cooperation of UNEP
Delegate	Representative of a State or Organization who has been authorized to act on its behalf and whose credentials are in order
Desertification	Degradation of land in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities (UNCCD)
Dispute	Disagreement on a point of law (e.g., the interpretation of an international agreement) or fact (e.g., an action taken by a State)
DNA	Designated National Authority
DSA	Daily Subsistence Allowance. Allowance paid to UN staff or delegates to a UN meeting, which intended to account for lodging, meals, gratuities and other business-related expenses during the period of the meeting
EANET	Acid Monitoring Network in East Asia
ETS	Emissions Trading Scheme
EC	European Community
ECCP	European Climate Change Programme
ECOSOC	Economic and Social Council of the United Nations
Ecosystem	Dynamic complex of plant, animal, micro-organism communities and their non-living environment, interacting as a functional unit (CBD). Ecosystems are irrespective of political boundaries
Ecosystem approach	Strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way (CBD, FAQ, and RAMSAR Convention)
Ecosystem service	Processes and functions provide by natural ecosystems that sustain life and are critical to of services to facilities such travel
Eco-tourism	Travel undertaken to witness site or regions of unique natural or ecological quality, or the provision of services to facilitate such travel
EDN	Earth Day Network
EGTT	Expert Group on Technology Transfer, a subsidiary body under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
EIA	Environment Impact Assessment. Process by which the environmental consequences of a proposed project or programme are evaluated and alternatives are analysed. EIA is an integral part of the planning and decision-making processes
EIG	Environmental Integrity Group
EIT	Economies in Transition
Emissions trading	Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol through which Parties with emissions commitments may trade units of their emission allowances with other parties (UNFCCC)
EMS	Environmental Management System
Endemic	Native and restricted to a specific geographic area, usually referring to plants or animals
Enforcement	Range of Procedures and actions taken by a State and its competent, authorities to ensure that persons or organizations falling to comply with laws or regulations are brought back into compliance or punished through appropriate action
Entry into force	Coming into effect of an international agreement, i.e. time which an international agreement becomes legally binding for the States that have ratified it or acceded to it or otherwise expressed their consent to be bound by the agreement
ERT	Expert Review Team
ERU	Emissions Reduction Unit
ER	Emissions Reduction
ES	Ecosystem Service
ETP	Economic Transformation Programme
ETS	Emission Trading System
EU	European Union, an Intergovernmental and supranational union of 27 democratic member states. The European Union was established under that name in 1992 by the treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty). Member in its own right of several international organizations and a Party to various international agreement, sometimes alongside its Member States
European Commission	The executive body of the European Union. Alongside the European Parliament and the council of the European Union, it is one of the three main institutions governing the Unions. Its primary roles are to propose and implement legislation, and to act as ??guardian of the treaties?? which provides the legal basis for the EU. The Commission negotiates international trade agreements (in the World Trade Organization) and other international agreements on behalf of the EU in close cooperation with the Council of the European Union
Ex-officio	Latin phase meaning ??by virtue one?s position or function??
Ex-situ	Latin phase meaning ??not the original or natural environment ??
Ex-COP/ex-COP	Extraordinary Conference of the Parties, Conference of the Parties held outside the normal scheduled cycle of meetings of the Conference of the Parties
Executive Director	Title of the head of some international organization
Executive Secretary	Title of the head of some international organizations or Secretariats of MEAs (e.g., Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity)
Extraterritorial	Set of measures or laws that apply beyond a State?s jurisdiction
FAO	(UN) Food and Agriculture Organization
FAR	Fourth Assessment Report of the IRC
FCO	Fire Control Officer
FCPF	Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. A world bank program created to assist development countries in their effort to reduced capacity building for REDD activities in developing countries and the testing of a program of performance-based incentive payments in some pilot countries
FDRS	ASEAN Fire Danger Rating System
FFI	Fauna and Flora International
FMRS	Forest Monitoring System using Remote Sensing
Final clauses/provision	Clauses / provision of an international agreement that set the rules of the functioning of the agreement
Financial rules	Rules governing the financial administration of an international organization, a Conference of the Parties, subsidiary bodies, and the Secretariat
FoC	Friends of the Chair. An informal group of a few prominent negotiators invited to assist the Chair of a meeting, working group, or contact group to develop a consensus proposal on a specific issue
Focal point	An official or agency designated by a government to serve as the focus or channel of communications for a particular issues or agreement
FORIS	Forestry Information System
FLEG	Forest Law Enforcement and Governance
FLEGT	Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade
FMUs	Forest Management Units
FPIC	Free, Prior and Informed Consent
Framework convention	Convention that provide a decision-making and organizational framework for the adoption of subsequent complementary agreements (e.g., Protocol). Usually contains substantial provisions of a general nature, the details of which can be provide in the subsequent agreements
FRL	Forest Reference Level
FSC	Forest Stewardship Council
FTSE	Financial Times Stock Exchange
GMAC	Genetic Modification Advisory Committee
GATT	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The countries who signed the GATT occasionally negotiated new trade agreements. Each such set of agreements was called a ?round?. The Uruguay round in 1993 create the World Organization WTO to replace the GATT
GBF	Global Biodiversity Forum
GBI	Green Building Index
GBO	Global Biodiversity Outlook
GC	Governing Council
GCOS	Global Climate Observing System
GDP	Gross Domestic Products
GEF	Global Environmental Facility. Launched in 1991, Provides grant and concessional funds to developing countries for projects and programme targeting global environmental issues
GEN	Global Ecolabelling Network
General Assembly	Shorthand for the UN General Assembly. The main political body of the United Nations
General Clauses/provision	Clauses/provisions of an international agreement or decision that create the context, principal and directions helping the understanding and application of the rest of the agreement or decision
GEO	Global Environment Outlook
GEZ	Global Ecological Zone
GGP	Government Green Procurement
CHGs	Greenhouse Gases
GIS	Geographic Information System
GISP	Global Invasive Species Programme
GITA	Green Investment Tax Allowance
GITE	Green Income Tax Exemption
GLBE	Government Lead by Example
GMEF	Global Ministerial Environment Forum. Ministerial-level forums on environmental policy open to all states. Held periodically in conjunction with the sessions of the governing Council of UNEP
GMO	Genetically Modified Organism. Organism, plant or animal modified in its genetic characteristics by inserting a modified gene or a gene from another variety or species
GNI	Gross National Income
GNP	Gross National Product
Governing Council	The decision-making body of the UN Agencies, Programme and Funds; e.g.: Environment Programmes (UNEP)
GOFC-GOLD	Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamic
GPPI	Global Public Policy Institute
GPG	Good Practice Guide
GRAs	Genetic Resource Areas
GRID	Global Resource Information Database. The basis for UNEPs environmental assessment programme
GRULAC	Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries. A regional negotiating group.
GSPC	Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Outcome-oriented and target strategy adopted by the sixty Conference of the Parties to the Convention current and continuing rate of loss plant diversity
GTZ	German Agency for Technical Cooperation
GTI	Global Taxonomy Initiative
GURTs	Genetic Use Restriction Technologies
GTFS	Green Technology Financing Scheme
GTP	Government Transformation Programme
GWP	Global Warming Potential
G77	Group of 77. Originally group of 77 developing countries established in 1964 at the first session of UNCTAD. Now gathering more than 160 developing states. The Group seeks to harmonize the positions of developing countries prior to and during negotiations. China sometimes also associates itself with the G77, in which case the group is refer G8 red to as G77/China or G77 plus China
G8	Group of eight industrialized countries comprising Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK and the US
HCVF	High Conservation Value Forest
Habitat	Place or type of site where an organism or population naturally occurs (CBD)
Hard law	Term use to describe the legally binding nature of various agreements or provision, which leaves no or little room for discretion
Haze Agreement	Shorthand for the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
HCFCs	Hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Regulated under the Montreal Protocol
HFC	Hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Regulated under the UN framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol as well as under the Montreal Protocol
HFLD	High Forest Low Deforestation
	HIGH FOREST LOW DEFORESTATION COUNTRIES
High-level segment	Segment of meeting composed of the highest-level representatives of State Parties attending the meeting
Hotspot	1) Area particularly rich in total numbers of species
	2) Area of especially high concentrations of pollutants
HoB	Heart of Borneo
HoF	Head Of Forestry (FAO)
HWP	Harvested Wood Products
IAMF	International Association for Mediterranean Forest
IAPs	Immediate Action Plans
ICCP	Intergovernmental Committee for the Cartagena Protocol
ICDP	Integrated Conservation and Development Project
ICE	International Combustion Engine
ICLEI	Local Government for Sustainability
ICRAF	World Agroforestry Centre (formerly International Centre for Research in Agroforestry)
IDR	In-depth review (within the context of the UNFCCC)
IEC	Information, Education and Communication (under the Montreal Protocol)
IEI	Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute
IET	International Emissions Trading
IFF	Intergovernmental Forum on Forest
IFM	Integrated Flood Management
IIED	International Institute for Environment and Development
IIFB	International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity
ILO	International Labour Organization
IMF	International Monetary Fund
IMO	International Maritime Organization (United Nation)
INBAR	International Network for Bamboo and Rattan
INC	Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee. Forum established to negotiate an international agreement
INECE	International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
INF	Information document. Usually provided during meetings to provide background information to draft decisions, resolutions and recommendations. These documents are not subject to negotiation
IN Situ	Latin phrase meaning ?within the original place?
Indigenous people/s	No universal, standard definition. Usually considered to include cultural groups and their descendants who have a historical continuity or association with a given region, or parts of a region, and who currently inhabit or have formerly inhabited the region either before its subsequent colonization or annexation, or alongside other cultural groups during the formation of a nations-state or independently or largely isolated from the influence of the claimed governance by a nation-state, and who furthermore have maintained, at least in part, their distinct linguistic, cultural and social / organizational characteristics, and in doing so remain differentiated in some degree from the surrounding populations and dominant, culture of the nation-state. Also includes people who are self-identified as indigenous, and those recognized as such by other groups
Informal consultations	Exchange of views among delegations which take place outside the formal setting of negotiations. Usually undertaken with the aim of identifying a compromise position
Inter alia	?Among other things?. Often used in legal documents to compress lists of Parties etc
Intervention	Synonym for ?statement?
Invasive species	A species that invades natural habitats
IPCC	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Established jointly by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and UNEP in 1998 to assess the scientific, technical and socio-economic impacts of climate change
IPES	International Payments for Ecosystem Services
IPPC	(1) International Plant Protection Convention. Adopted in 1952. Revised in 1997 and entered into force in 2005
	(2) Integrated Pollution and Control
IPF	Intergovernmental Panel on Forest
IPGRI	International Plant Genetic Resource Institute
IPRs	Intellectual Property Rights
ISGAN	International Smart Grid Action Network
ISME	International Society for Mangrove Ecosystem
ISO	International Organization for Standardization, Non-governmental organization, the members of which are national standards institute of 156 countries. Established in 1946 to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards
ITPGRFA	International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Adopted in 2001, and entered into force in 2004
ITTA	International Tropical Timber Agreement
ITTC	International Tropical Timber Council
ITTO	International Tropical Timber Organization
IUCN	International Union of Conservation Nature or World Conservation Union. A hybrid international organization the membership of which composed of governments and non-governmental organization
IUFRO	International Union of Forestry Research Organizations
Jakarta Mandate	Shorthand for Jakarta mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity
JCP	Joint Certification Programme
JI	Joint Implementation
KALTROP	Kalimantan Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Research
KP	Kyoto Protocol A Climate Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Land degradation	Reduction or loss, in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid, of the biological or economic productivity and complexity of rain fed cropland, irrigated cropland, or range, pasture, forest and woodlands resulting from land use or from a process or combination processes arising from human activity and habitation patterns
LCCF	Low Carbon Cities Framework
LCS	Low-Carbon Society
LDC	Least Developed Countries. Countries at the lowest level of the scale of development. Status defined according to level of income, human resources, and economic vulnerability
LEAD	Low Emissions Asian Development
LEAF	Lowering Emissions in Asia?s Forest
Leakage	GHG emissions displacement that occurs when interventions to reduce emission in one geographical area (sub-national or national) cause an increase in emissions in another area through the relocation of activities
LFCCs	Low Forest Cover Countries
LFG	Landfill Gas
Like-Minded	Group of delegations that share common interests and positions on specific issues
Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries	A negotiating group of 17 megadiverse countries among those that collectively account for 70% of the world?s biodiversity. Mainly operates during negotiating on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
LUCC	Land-Use and Land-Cover Change
LULUCF	Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
MAI	Mean Annual Increment
Management Authority	Within the context of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), National body responsible for implementation of the Convention
MAR	Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting
Marrakech Accords	Series of decisions adopted at the seventh Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), related to the Kyoto Protocol
MAT	Mutually Agreed Terms, within the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
May	As negotiating language, ?may? entails discretionary action and creates no obligation for the addressee. It is not binding
MDG	Millennium Development Goal. A set of eight goals and associated targets to achieve poverty alleviation by 2015, which found their origin in the Millennium Summit.
MEA	Multilateral Environmental Agreement. Shorthand for the Multilateral conventions protocols and other binding instrument, relate to the environment. Usually applied to instruments of a geographic scope wider than that of a bilateral
Meeting	Generic term used for conferences, summits, sessions, etc.
Meeting of the Parties	A body equivalent to the Conference of the Parties.
Megadiverse Countries	Countries which collectively account for 70% of the world?s biodiversity. These countries include Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, Congo, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Madagascar and Malaysia.
Member State	State which is a member of an international organization
Memorandum of Understanding	A simplified type of international instrument which can be concluded between states, between States and International organization or between international organizations
MEPS	Minimum Energy Performing Standards
MFF	Mangroves for the Future
MRV	Monitoring, Reporting and Verification
MRSA	Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency
Micro-organism	Group of microscopic, organism, some of which cannot be detected without the aid of a light or electron microscope, including viruses, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotic life forms, such as protozoa, filamentous fungi, yeasts and micro-algae
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment	A global assessment of the earth?s ecosystems supported by the UN secretary-General
Mitigations	In the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, actions to cut net emissions
MOFCOM	Ministry of Commerce of People's Republic of China
Montreal Protocol	Shorthand for the Montreal Protocol and Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer
MOP	Meeting of the Parties
Motion	Formal oral proposal on a matter of procedure
MSPO	Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil
MSW	Municipal Solid Waste
MTC	Malaysian Timber Council
MTCC	Malaysian Timber Certification Council
MTCS	Malaysian Timber Certification Scheme
Multilateral Fund	Shorthand for the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. Assists developing countries to implement the Montreal Protocol.
Must	As negotiating language ?must? creates an obligation to act for the addressee. It is binding
Mutatis Mutandis	Latin phrase meaning ?with such changes as are necessary on the points of detail?
MyGAP	Malaysian Good Agriculture Practises
MYPOW	Multi-Year Programme of Work
NAMA	Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
NAPA	National Adaptation Programme Action
NAP	National Action Plan
NBSAP	National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
NC	National Communications. Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) document by which a Party informs other Parties of activities undertaken to mitigate climate change
NC2	Second National Communication
NC3	Third National Communication
NCBURNSC	National Communication and Biennial Update Report National Steering Committee
NBF	National Biodiversity Framework
NEB	National Energy Balance
NEM	New Economic Model
NFA	National Forestry Act
NFI	National Forest Inventory
NFP	National Forestry Policy
NFP	National Focal Points
NFP	National Forest Programme
NFPF	National Forest Programme Facility
NFPWGFPP	National Focal Points Working Group for Forest Products Promotion
NGO	Non-governmental Organization Applied to community groups and not-for-profit organizations. In the UN system it also includes business associations
NKEA	National Key Economic Area
NKRA	National Key Results Area
Non-paper	Informal text aimed at facilitating negotiations. It is not a formal proposal
Non-Party	Refers to a state that has not ratified acceded, or otherwise become a party to an international agreement. As a Non-Party, a State may have limited rights to participate in negotiations or deliberations under the agreement, or to invoke provision of the agreement.
Notification	Formal communication that bears legal consequences
NSC	National Steering Committee
NSCCC	National Steering Committee on Climate Change
NSCREDD	National Steering Committee for REDD+
NSF	National Science Foundations of the United States
NTFPs	non-timber forest products
NWFP	Non-Wood Forest Products
ODA	Official Development Assistance. Also known as ?foreign aid?. Consist of loans, grants, technical assistance and other forms of cooperation from developing countries
Objection	Oral or written statement by which a delegation informs a meeting that it objects to the adoption of a proposed decision, resolution, recommendation, or measure
Observer	Non-state or state actor invited to participate in a limited capacity in discussions during negotiations. Observers are not allowed to negotiate text and have no voting powers. In practice, some observer States do negotiate, although they do not participate in final decision making
OECD	The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. An organization of 30 advanced economies on North America, Europe and the Pacific region that share a commitment to democratic government and a market economy. Originated in 1948 as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), to help administer the Marshall Plan for the re-construction of Europe after Worlds War II
OPEC	Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Organization of eleven developing countries whose economies rely on oil export revenues
Opportunity cost	The cost incurred bt countries changing existing activities in order to reduced deforestation and incentivize the protection of standing forest (e.g., forgone profit from not issuing timber harvesting concessions). Used primarily to calculate costs of abatement beyond interim period
Order	Call to order. Direction by the presiding officer of a meeting that a delegate or group of delegates should be silent to allow the meeting?s proceedings to take place in an orderly manner
PAC	Project Appraisal Committee
PA	Protected Areas, Geographically defined area which is designated or regulated, and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives (CBD)
PAMs	Policies and Measures
PNG	Papua New Guinea
Party	Refers to State 9 or regional economic integration organization such as the European Union that has ratified, acceded to, or otherwise formally indicated its intent to be bound by an international agreement, and for which the agreement is in force. Also called ?Contracting Party?
Patent	Government grant to temporary monopoly rights on innovative processes or products
PEFC	Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes.
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues	Advisory body to the ECOSOC, established in 2000 to discuss indigenous issues related to economic and social development, culture, the environment, education, health and human rights
Permanent Representative	The head of a permanent mission
PES	Payments for Environmental Services
Plenary	The main meeting format of a Conference of the Parties or a Subsidiary Body
Plenipotentiary	Individual who carries or has been conferred the full powers to engage the State he or she represents
PMU	Project Management Unit
POA	Programme of Activity
Point of order	Formal question raised by a delegation as to whether the proceedings are in order or a particular action by a delegate or a presiding officer follows the rules of procedure
Policies and Measures	Steps taken or to be taken by countries to achieve greenhouse gas emissions targets under the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC)
Preamble	Set of opening statements called ?recitals?, of an international agreement, decision, resolution or recommendation that guides the interpretation of the document
Precautionary approach/ principle	Approach/principle according to which the absence of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing action where there is a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the environment or human health
Primary forest	Forest largely undisturbed by human activities
PRFs	Permanent Reserve Forests
PROFOR	Programme on Forest (World Bank)
Protocol	1)�� International legal instrument appended or closely related to another agreement, which constitutes a separate and additional agreement and which must be signed and ratified by the parties to the convention concerned
	2)�� Rules of diplomatic procedure, ceremony and etiquette
	3)�� Department within a government or organization that deals with relations with other missions
Provision agenda	Draft agenda of a meeting that has yet to be adopted
PCS	Project Steering Committee
QELROS	Quantified Emissions Limitation or Reduction Commitments
Quorum	The minimum number of parties or members that must be present for a meeting to start or decisions to be made. The quorum is stated in rules of procedure, ant it may be expressed in absolute numbers or as a percentage of an overall number
RAMSAR	Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
RAFT	Responsible Asia Forestry and Trade
RE	Renewable Energy
REDD	Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
REDD-plus	Reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forest and enhancement of forest carbon stock in developing countries.
RECOFTC	the Regional Community Forestry Center for Asia and the Pacific
ReFOP	Regional Forest Programme Southeast Asia
Rapporteur	1) Delegate elected/nominated to prepare or oversea the preparation of the report of a meeting
	2) Person appointed by a body to investigate and issue or function and report back to that body
Ratification	Formal process by which a Head of State or appropriate governmental official or authority signs a document which signals the consent of the State to become a party to an international agreement once the agreement has entered into force and to be bound by its provisions
Reference levels	A reference level defines the level of deforestation or forest degradation that performance is measured against. Reference level can be based on historical or projected deforestation/forest degradation rates, both on the national and on global level
RER	Reference Emission Rate
Recommendation	Formal expression of an advisory nature of the will of the governing body an international organization or international agreement. It is not bidding
Reforestation	The direct human-induced conversion of non-forested land
Reservation	Unilateral statement made by a State upon signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession to an international legal instrument, indicating that it wishes to exclude or after the legal effect of certain provisions in their application to that State
Resolution	Formal expression of the opinion or will of the governing body of an international organization or international agreement. Usually non-binding
RFC	Regional Forestry Commission (FAO)
Rio Conference	Shorthand for the United Nationals Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992
Rio Declaration	Shorthand for the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development adopted at the Rio Conference, the UN conference on Environment and development in 1992. Set of 27 principles on sustainable development
RIL	Reduced impact Logging
RIS	Ramsar (Convention) Information Sheet
RS	Remote Sensing
RSPO	Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
Rules of Procedure	Set of rules adopted by a meeting to govern the work and decision making of its formal settings
SAR	Second Assessment Report (of IPCC)
SBI	Subsidiary Body Implementations-in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
SBSTA	Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice-In the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
SBSTTA	Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice-In the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
SDC	Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
SDG	Sustainable Development Goal
SEA	Strategic Environmental Assessment
Secretariat	The body established under an international agreement to arrange and service meeting of the governing body of the agreement and assist Parties in coordinating implementation of the agreement
Session	Meeting or series of meetings of a particular body
SFM	Sustainable Forest Management. Concept according to which the full range of social, economic and environmental values inherent forests are managed and sustained
	As negotiating ?shall? creates an obligation for action for the addressee. It is binding
Shall
Should	As negotiating language ?should? entails an advice not an obligation, to do something. However, while non-binding, it implies a stronger imperative than ?may?
Show of hands	Type of voting procedure by which delegations raise a hand or nameplate to signal ?yes?, ?no?, or ?abstain?. A vote by show of hands is an no-recorded vote
SIA	Sustainability Impact Assessment
SIDS	Small Island Developing States. Low-Lying coastal countries that share similar development challenges and concerns about the environment, especially their vulnerability to the adverse effects of global climate change
Signatory	A State that has negotiated and signed an international agreement
Single negotiated text	Draft text compiling all the delegations proposals into a coherent whole
Sinks	In the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of the greenhouse gas from atmosphere. The major sinks are forest and other vegetation which remove carbon dioxide through photosynthesis (UNFCCC)
SLF	State Land Forest
SOM	Senior Officials Meetings
SOM-AMAF	Senior Officials Meetings-ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry
	A fund established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to finance projects relating to adaptation; technology transfer and capacity building; energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management, and economic diversification
Special Climate Change Fund
Sponsor	Delegation which proposes a decision, resolution, recommendation, or amendment for adoption by a meeting
Square brackets	Typographical symbols placed around text under negotiation to indicate that the language enclosed is being discussed but has not yet been agreed upon
Stakeholder	Individuals or institutions (public and private) interested and involved in a process or related activities
Stalemate	Points at which negotiations make no progress. Usually temporary situation
Stalled	Said of negotiations which are making no progress. Usually temporary situation
Standard Nomenclature	The scientific names adopted but the Conference of the parties to the Convention on International trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) for CITES-Listed species
Standing Committee	Committee established under various international agreements to perform certain function as agreed to by the Conference of the Parties
Statement	Oral or written expression of opinion
Status quo	Latin phrase meaning ?the current state of affairs?
Steering Committee	Restricted group of individuals planning the work of a major meeting. Deals exclusively with procedural matters
Subsidiary body	A body usually created by the governing body of an international agreement or international organizational, with a specific mandate
Sustainable Development	Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generational to meet their own needs
Sustainable Use	Use in a way and at rate that does not lead to the long-term degradation of the environment. Thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations
Synergies	Result of joint actives that go beyond the sum of individuals actives, making effort more effective and efficient
SWDS	Solid Waste Disposal Site
SWG	Sub-Working Group
Taxonomy	Naming and assignment of biological organism to taxa
Technology Transfer	Transmission of know-how, equipment and Products to governments, organizations or other stakeholders. Usually also implies adaptation for use in a specific cultural, social, economic and environmental context
TDERM	Tropical Deforestation Emission Reduction Mechanism
TFRK	Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge
TK	Traditional Knowledge
TNA	Technology Needs Assessments
TNC	The Nature Conservancy
TNC	Third National Communication
To cast a vote	To Vote
To give the floor	Permission granted by the presiding officer of a meeting to make a statement
To seek the floor	To ask permission to the presiding officer of a meeting to make a statement
To table a proposal	To present the text a proposal for consideration by other delegations
To take the floor	To make a statement during a meeting
ToRS/TORS	Terms of Reference. The mandate and scope for work of body or individual
Traditional Knowledge	The knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous people and local communities. Traditional knowledge is the object of various MEA provisions, including Article 8(j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Treaty	International agreement concluded between states in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation [Vienna Convention on the law of Treaties]
TPA / PA	Totally Protected Areas
TREES	Trans-agency Resources for Environment and Economic Sustainability
Type II Partnership	A multi-stakeholder partnership involving, inter alia, government, non-governmental organizations, business, universities, and/or other institutions. Type of partnership launched at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) to implement commitment embedded in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
TWG	Technical Working Group
Umbrella Group	A negotiating group within the climate change negotiations. The loose coalition is usually made up of Australia, Canada, Iceland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the US
UN	United National
Unanimity	Type of decision making. A decision is adopted by unanimity when it has received the support of all delegations. Established by show of hand, voting or other means
UNCCD	United Nationals Conservation to Combat Desertification
UNCED	United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
UNCLOS	United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDG	United Nations Development Group. A forum bringing together UN agencies working in development and the Millennium Development Goals
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNEP	United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP-WCMC	UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
UNESCO	United Nations Educations, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNGA	Session of the UN General Assembly
UNGAS	Special Session of the UN General Assembly
UNFCCC	United Nations Framework Conservation on Climate Change
UNFF	United Nations Forum on Forest
UNICEF	United Nations Children?s Fund
UNIDO	United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
USAID	United States Agency for International Development
USEPA	United States Environmental Protection Agency
VCS	Verified Carbon Standard
VCU	Verify Carbon Unit
VER	Verified Emission Reduction
Verbatim	Latin Phrase meaning ?world-for-word?, ?in full?. ?way of recording a meeting?s discussion?
Verification	Independent third-party assessment of actual emission reduction
Voluntary commitments	A draft article considered during the negotiation of the Kyoto Protocol that would have permitted developing countries to voluntarily adhere to legally binding emissions targets. The issue remains important for some negotiators but the proposed language was dropped in the final phase of the negotiations
Voluntary Contributions	A contributions of any kind that unlike Assessed Contribution, is not assessed under a binding international agreement, including the furnishing of fund for other financial support, services of any kind (including the use of experts or other personnel) or commodities, equipment, supplies, or other materials
Vulnerability	The degree to which a community, population species, ecosystems, region, agricultural system, or some other quantity is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effect of climate change

NO	KATA	TAKRIFAN
1	Agen Kawalan Biologi	Organisma hidup yang digunakan untuk memusnahkan atau mengawal populasi organisma hidup yang lain.
2	Balai Pemeriksaan Hutan	Suatu tempat di mana semua hasil hutan dibawa untuk diukur, ditimbang atau dikira untuk ditaksir royalti, ses pembangunan hutan dan caj-caj hutan yang lain.
3	Borang Proforma Industri Berasas Kayu	Borang rasmi yang digunakan untuk permohonan bagi pembinaan kilang baru dan permohonan bagi tambahan bangunan atau mesin kilang sedia ada.
4	Catuan Tebangan Tahunan (CTT)	Suatu keluasan hutan pengeluaran dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal yang ditentukan dan boleh diusahasilkan setiap tahun dalam sesuatu tempoh rancangan yang tertentu sejajar dengan konsep pengurusan secara berkekalan.
5	Daerah Hutan	Suatu kawasan pentadbiran hutan ditadbir dan diuruskan oleh seorang Pegawai Hutan Daerah. Suatu kawasan hutan boleh bersamaan dengan suatu daerah sivil atau merangkumi beberapa daerah sivil.
6	Dirian Tinggal	Pokok-pokok dan anak pokok yang masih terdapat di dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal selepas pengusahasilan hutan dijalankan.
7	Ekosistem	Suatu komuniti haiwan dan tumbuhan serta persekitarannya yang saling berinteraksi dan berfungsi sebagai satu unit bebas.
8	Folio Lejar	Folio yang digunakan untuk merekod butir-butir bayaran deposit dan premium serta penyenggaraan akaun royalti dan ses pembangunan hutan bagi sesuatu lesen/permit.
9	Garis Inventori	Garis di mana petak-petak inventori ditempatkan semasa kerja inventori hutan dijalankan. Garis-garis hendaklah lurus dan bersudut tepat dengan garis tapak. Garis inventori yang pertama adalah 50m dari permulaan garis tapak dan tiap-tiap 100m bagi garis-garis inventori yang berikutnya. Tiap-tiap 20m ditandakan dengan pancang semasa mengukur garis rintis untuk menunjukkan jaraknya.
10	Garis- P	Cadangan kelarian jalan tuju bagi sesuatu kawasan pembalakan dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal yang dikemukakan oleh bakal pemegang lesen untuk semakan Jurutera Hutan Negeri.
11	Garis- L	Kelarian jalan tuju yang telah ditanda dan disahkan di lapangan.
12	Gergaji Gelong	Gergaji yang digerakkan dengan takal yang mempunyai diameter tertentu. Gergaji ini digunakan untuk tujuan membelah kayu balak, meracik kayu balak yang telah dibelah atau meracik semula kayu sayong untuk meningkatkan perolehan.
13	Gergaji Pembelah	Gergaji gelong yang digunakan untuk membelah kayu bulat. Gergaji ini dilengkapi dengan penghulur automatik atau separa automatik.
14	Gergaji Racik	Gergaji gelong yang digunakan untuk meracik kayu bulat yang telah dibelah.
15	Gergaji Perolehan	Gergaji gelong yang digunakan untuk meracik semula kayu sayong untuk meningkatkan perolehan.
16	Garis Tapak	Suatu garis yang disediakan merintangi Kawasan Kerja untuk menetapkan kedudukan garis-garis inventori dan garis-garis kawalan bagi aktiviti pembangunan hutan.
17	Giliran Tebangan	Jangka masa ketika sesuatu tanaman pokok atau pemulihan dibiarkan membesar sebelum diusahasilkan.
18	Had Batas Tebangan (HBT)	Had ukuran diameter pokok yang minimum yang dibenarkan untuk pengusahasilan dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal.
19	Hak Lalu Lintang	Had kelebaran kawasan yang dibenarkan untuk pembinaan jalan. Kawasan ini termasuk kawasan permukaan jalan, parit, potongan cerun dan kawasan untuk pembukaan naungan.
20	Hutan Simpanan Kekal	Kawasan tanah berhutan dan tidak berhutan yang diwartakan untuk tujuan perhutanan di bawah seksyen 7, Akta Perhutanan Negara 1984. Pada kebiasaannya, kawasan ini hanya disebut sebagai Hutan Simpan.
21	Hutan Terkawal	Kawasan hutan dari hutan pengeluaran di dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal yang telah diusahasil dan mempunyai struktur hutan berdasarkan kepada inventori hutan untuk mengekalkan pengeluaran balak.
22	Hutan yang Mempunyai Nilai Pemeliharaan yang Tinggi (HCVFs)	Hutan yang memiliki satu atau lebih ciri-ciri berikut: 1. kawasan hutan yang mengandungi penumpuan nilai-nilai kepelbagaian biologi yang tinggi (contoh: bersifat endemik, spesies terancam, spesies dilindungi) pada peringkat global, serantau atau nasional; dan/atau hutan-hutan pada peringkat landskap yang besar, di dalamnya mengandungi unit pengurusan, di mana kebanyakan atau semua populasi yang mampu hidup sendiri ditemui dalam bentuk semula jadi berdasarkan kepada penyebaran dan kuantitinya yang baik; 2. kawasan-kawasan hutan yang mempunyai ekosistem-ekosistem yang jarang ditemui, terancam atau berada dalam keadaan bahaya; 3. kawasan-kawasan hutan yang menyediakan kemudahan-kemudahan asas semula jadi dalam situasi-situasi kritikal (contoh: perlindungan kawasan tadahan air, kawalan hakisan); dan 4. kawasan-kawasan hutan yang membekalkan keperluan asas masyarakat-masyarakat tempatan (contoh: mata pencarian, kesihatan) dan/atau secara kritikal kepada identiti budaya masyarakat tempatan (kawasan-kawasan budaya, ekologi, mempunyai nilai ekonomi atau keagamaan yang dikenalpasti dengan bantuan masyarakat tempatan).
23	Industri Hiliran	Industri yang memberi penumpuan kepada aktiviti pemprosesan kedua (secondary) dan ketiga (tertiary) untuk menghasilkan produk separa siap atau siap dan mempunyai nilai ditambah (value added) yang tinggi.
24	Inventori Hutan Sebelum Tebangan (Pre-F)	Inventori yang dijalankan ke atas sesuatu kawasan Hutan Simpanan Kekal sebelum pengusahasilan untuk mengumpul maklumat yang tepat dan bererti mengenai kedudukan stok, isi kandungan, keadaan dan taburan semua pokok besar, kayu jaras, anak pokok dan anak benih supaya diketahui gambaran isi hutan yang sebenar serta dapat menentukan had batas tebangan yang optimum untuk menjamin pembangunan jangka panjang hutan tersebut.
25	Inventori Hutan Selepas Tebangan (Post-F)	Inventori yang dijalankan ke atas sesuatu kawasan Hutan Simpanan Kekal selepas pengusahasilan untuk mengumpul maklumat yang tepat dan bererti mengenai kedudukan stok, isi kandungan, keadaan dan taburan semua pokok besar, kayu jaras, anak pokok dan anak benih supaya diketahui gambaran isi hutan yang sebenar serta dapat menentukan jenis rawatan silvikultur yang perlu dijalankan ke atas kawasan tertentu.
26	Jalan Sekunder	Jalan kekal dua (2) atau satu (1) lorong menghubungkan kawasan pengusahasilan hutan dengan jalan utama.
27	Jalan Tuju	Jalan kekal satu (1) lorong dalam kawasan pengusahasilan hutan yang menghubungkan kawasan matau sementara dengan jalan sekunder atau jalan utama dan digunakan terutamanya oleh lori berwin (San Tai Wong)
28	Jalan Utama	Jalan kekal dua (2) lorong semua musim menghubungkan matau besar dengan jalan kampung atau rangkaian jalan awam berturap (jalan JKR) dan digunakan terutamanya oleh lori balak untuk mengangkut balak ke kilang-kilang memproses kayu.
29	Kadar Perolehan	Peratusan bahan mentah yang menjadi produk setelah melalui proses pengilangan.
30	Kawasan Kerja	Kawasan kompartmen atau subkompartmen dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal di mana dijalankan kerja-kerja penandaan dan pengesahan sempadan untuk pelaksanaan aktiviti-aktiviti Inventori Hutan Sebelum Tebangan (Pre F), Penandaan Pokok, Pengusahasilan Hutan, Inventori Hutan Selepas Tebangan (Post-F) dan Rawatan Silvikultur.
31	Kad Inventori	Kad yang digunakan untuk merekodkan maklumat mengenai jenis pokok dan kebesarannya, tumbuh-tunbuhan pepanjat dan pokok-pokok musuh, rupa bumi, jenis tanah, geologi dan maklumat lain muka bumi. Sebahagian besar maklumat ini direkodkan dalam bentuk kad.
32	Kad Kompas	Kad yang digunakan untuk mencatatkan maklumat mengenai bearing, kecuraman, jarak di atas tanah dan keadaan muka bumi. Kad yang baru hendaklah digunakan bagi setiap garis inventori dibanci.
33	Kawasan Kerja	Kawasan kompartmen atau subkompartmen dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal di mana dijalankan kerja-kerja penandaan dan pengesahan sempadan untuk pelaksanaan aktiviti-aktiviti Inventori Hutan Sebelum Tebangan (Pre F), Penandaan Pokok, Pengusahasilan Hutan, Inventori Hutan Selepas Tebangan (Post-F) dan Rawatan Silvikultur.
34	Kawasan Lesen	Suatu kawasan yang lesenkan untuk pengusahasilan hutan.
35	Kawasan Pengurusan Hutan	Sesuatu kawasan tertentu yang diurus secara langsung oleh sesuatu syarikat yang bertanggungjawab untuk menjalankan penilaian pengurusan hutan untuk tujuan pensijilan.
36	Kayu Jaras	Mana-mana bahagian yang dipotong daripada pokok dan mempunyai diameter kurang daripada 30cm pada sebelah hujungnya yang besar.
37	Kayu Keras Berat	Kayu yang berat dan mempunyai ketumpatan melebihi 880kg/m3
38	Kayu Keras Sederhana	Kayu yang sederhana berat ke berat dan mempunyai ketumpatan melebihi 720kg/m3 ke 880kg/m3.
39	Kayu Keras Ringan	Kayu dalam kumpulan ini adalah lebih ringan dan termasuk kayu yang ketumpatan kurang daripada 720kg/m3.
40	Kepelbagaian Biologi	Kepelbagaian di kalangan organisma hidup daripada semua sumber termasuk inter alia, darat, laut serta ekosistem akuatik yang lain dan kompleks-kompleks ekologi di mana ianya adalah sebahagiannya; ianya termasuk juga kepelbagaian di dalam spesies dan ekosistem.
41	Kitaran Semula Jadi	Kitaran nutrien dan mineral adalah kesan tindak balas antara tanah, air, tumbuhan dan haiwan di persekitaran hutan di mana memberikan kesan kepada produktiviti ekologi di kawasan berkenaan.
42	Kup Tahunan	Keluasan kawasan pengusahasilan yang dibenar buka setiap tahun dalam se suatu tempoh rancangan Malaysia yang ditetapkan oleh Majlis Perhutanan Negara.
43	Landskap	Suatu bentuk geografi yang terbentuk daripada interaksi ekosistem-ekosistem melalui pengaruh interaksi geologi, topografi, tanah, iklim, biotik dan manusia di kawasan berkenaan.
44	Lorong Penarik	Lorong sementara untuk laluan ke kawasan tebangan bagi menarik balak yang dibina dengan gangguan tanah yang minimum.
45	Memotong Akar/Pepanjat (CL)	Suatu jenis rawatan silvikultur yang dilaksanakan ke atas kawasan-kawasan di dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal yang telah diusahasilkan. Rawatan ini melibatkan aktiviti memotong akar/pepanjat bagi membebaskan dirian tinggal daripada gangguan untuk membolehkannya membesar dengan cepat.
46	Menggelang Pokok dan Memotong Akar Pepanjat (GCL)	Suatu jenis rawatan silvikultur yang dilaksanakan ke atas kawasan-kawasan di dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal yang telah diusahasilkan. Rawatan ini melibatkan aktiviti menggelang pokok dan memotong akar/pepanjat bagi membebaskan dirian tinggal daripada gangguan untuk membolehkannya membesar dengan cepat.
47	Mesin Bindu	Mesin yang digunakan untuk mengupas kayu balak untuk dijadikan vernir. Mesin ini beroperasi secara putaran.
48	Nilai Isipadu Bersih yang Berpotensi (Potential Net Volume Available)	Dikira secara mengurangkan anggaran isipadu kasar dengan mengambil kira faktur-faktur kecacatan, kerosakan akibat pembalakan, pembaziran pengusahasilan seperti tunggul dan tual-tual balak pendek yang ditinggalkan dalam hutan.
49	Organisma yang Diubah secara Genetik	Organisma biologi yang telah dipengaruhi oleh keadaan tertentu yang membawa kepada perubahan struktur genetik.
50	Overburden	Lapisan tanah yang dibuang semasa kerja-kerja pengkuarian dijalankan untuk tujuan pengambilan batu atau bahan-bahan galian lain.
51	Pelan Kawasan Kerja	Pelan yang mengandungi maklumat asas bagi melaksanakan kerja penandaan sempadan di lapangan. Maklumat mengenai bearing dan jarak dari stesen ke stesen yang dinyatakan di dalam pelan ini merupakan panduan untuk melaksanakan kerja penandaan sempadan di lapangan dan boleh berubah mengikut keadaan topografi di lapangan.
52	Pemangkasan	Suatu jenis rawatan pokok yang melibatkan pembuangan dahan untuk membaiki kualiti pokok yang masih muda.
53	Pemilikan (dalam konteks MC&I)	Persetujuan-persetujuan secara sosial yang dipegang oleh individu atau kumpulan, diiktiraf oleh perundangan yang sah atau amalan adat resam, berkaitan dengan pemilikan “kumpulan hak dan tanggungjawab”, pemilikan, pegangan, akses dan/atau penggunaan unit tanah tertentu atau suber-sumber yang terkandung di dalamnya (seperti pokok, spesies tumbuhan, air, mineral dan lain-lain)
54	Pemulihan Buatan (Artificial Regeneration)	Memperbaharui dirian hutan dengan menanam anak-anak pokok secara langsung di mana kaedah ini bertentangan dengan proses semula jadi bagi menghasilkan dirian baru sesuatu kawasan hutan. Pemulihan buatan ini selalunya dijalankan dengan bantuan manusia untuk mempercepatkan proses membangunkan semula sesuatu kawasan hutan.
55	Penandaan Pokok	Proses menanda Pokok Tebangan, Pokok Ibu, Pokok Perlindungan, Pokok Jalan, Pokok Matau dan Pokok Kongsi dengan menggunakan tag tanda pokok dan/atau cat bagi tujuan pengusahasilan dan pemeliharaan hutan.
56	Penjarangan	Tebangan perantaraan yang khususnya bertujuan untuk mengawal pertumbuhan dirian dengan mengubahsuai kepadatannya.
57	Penyesaran	Perubahan yang progresif dalam komposisi spesies dan struktur komuniti hutan yang progresif yang disebabkan oleh proses semula jadi.
58	Perangkap Kelodak (Silt Trap)	Penghalang kelodak yang dibina mengandungi bahan-bahan penapis tertentu atau dari bahan semulajadi. Perangkap ini dibina di antara kawasan yang menghasilkan bahan kelodak dengan kawasan alur air untuk menghalang pengumpulan endapan di dalam alur air. Amalan ini digunakan untuk menghalang dan memerangkap kelodak-kelodak kecil yang dibawa oleh air dari kawasan yang diganggu atau yang terlibat dengan pembinaan.
59	Permulaan Garis Tapak	Satu titik permulaan yang ditanda di atas tanah bagi menetapkan kedudukan garis tapak.
60	Petak Inventori	petak yang ditempatkan di sepanjang Garis Inventori di mana pokok-pokok dan tumbuh-tumbuhan serta maklumat lain yang berkaitan dibanci.
61	Peta Stok Inventori Hutan Sebelum Tebangan	Peta yang disediakan berdasarkan kepada Pelan Kawasan Kerja Pre-F dengan mewarnakan petak-petak inventori menggunakan kod-kod warna yang berasaskan kandungan kayu-kayan perdagangan dan/atau jenis-jenis pokok yang terdapat dalam Daftar Membanci Pemulihan. Di samping itu, kedapatan rotan, buluh, bertam, pepanjat, palma dan resam juga ditunjukkan dengan simbol huruf.
62	Peta Stok Inventori Hutan Selepas Tebangan	Peta yang disediakan berdasarkan kepada Pelan Kawasan Kerja Post-F dengan mewarnakan petak-petak inventori menggunakan kod-kod warna yang berasaskan kandungan kayu-kayan perdagangan dan/atau jenis-jenis pokok yang terdapat dalam Daftar Membanci Pemulihan. Di samping itu, kedapatan rotan, buluh, bertam, pepanjat, palma, resam, halia dan pisang juga ditunjukkan dengan simbol huruf.
63	Pihak Berkepentingan (dalam konteks MC&I)	Individu-individu atau organisasi-organisasi yang mempunyai kepentingan yang sah terhadap barangan dan perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh FMU; dan mereka yang mempunyai kepentingan terhadap kesan alam sekitar dan sosial melalui aktiviti-aktiviti, produk-produk dan perkhidmatan FMU. Mereka termasuklah individu-individu dan organisasi yang melaksanakan kawalan alam sekitar seperti yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang ke atas FMU; rakyat tempatan; pekerja; pelabur; dan penginsurans; pembeli dan pengguna; kumpulan pencinta alam sekitar dan kumpulan pengguna serta orang awam.
64	Pokok Ibu	Pokok yang dipilih daripada pokok-pokok matang yang mempunyai sifat-sifat fizikal yang baik dan ditanda untuk dikekalkan bagi tujuan pengeluaran biji benih.
65	Pokok Jalan/Pokok Matau/Pokok Kongsi	Pokok yang berukuran diameter dari 30cm hingga ke diameter di bawah had batas tebangan di dalam kawasan hak lalu lintang Jalan Tuju/tapak matau utama/tapak kongsi dalam Kawasan Kerja dan ditanda dengan tag tanda pokok jalan/pokok matau/pokok kongsi untuk ditebang.
66	Pokok Perlindungan	Pokok yang berukuran diameter yang sama atau melebihi had batas tebangan, yang ditanda untuk dikekalkan bagi tujuan perlindungan semasa kerja pengusahasilan untuk kepentingan silvilkultur, kepentingan hidupan liar, sumber pemakanan dan pemeliharaan spesies terancam.
67	Pokok Rujukan Pusat Ikatan	Pokok berhampiran dengan PI yang dijadikan sebagai pokok rujukan dan ditandakan dengan dua (2) gelangan cat merah. Anak panah ke arah pancang PI dan huruf “PI” juga ditandakan. Tanda Jabatan dicap di bawah huruf PI.
68	Pokok Sempadan	Pokok yang ditanda dengan gelangan cat merah disepanjang sempadan kawasan kerja atau kawasan lesen/permit bagi menandakan kelarian sempadan kawasan tersebut.
69	Pokok Rujukan Sempadan	Pokok sempadan yang ditanda nombor siri dengan cat merah serta dicap dengan Tukul Tanda Jabatan.
70	Pokok Rujukan Stesen	Pokok yang ditanda dengan gelangan cat merah, huruf stesen dan anak panah menunjukkan arah stesen sempadan serta dicap dengan Tukul Tanda Jabatan.
71	Pokok Tebangan	Pokok yang berukuran diameter yang sama atau melebihi had batas tebangan yang ditetapkan dan ditanda dengan tag tanda pokok tebangan untuk ditebang.
72	Pokok Tebangan Akhir [Crop Tree (CT)	Pokok Tebangan Akhir ialah pokok-pokok: (i) jenis RS [Regeneration Sampling (Bancian Pemulihan)] (ii) boleh menghasilkan satu keratan balak sepanjang 5m yang sekurang-kurangnya mempunyai kualiti 2.
73	Pokok Tebangan Akhir yang Berpotensi [Potential Crop Tree (PCT)]	Pokok Tebangan Akhir yang Berpotensi ialah pokok-pokok: (i) bukan jenis RS [Regeneration Sampling (Bancian Pemulihan)]. (ii) boleh menghasilkan satu keratan balak sepanjang 5m yang sekurang-kurangnya mempunyai kualiti 2.
74	Bukan Pokok Tebangan Akhir [Non-Crop Tree (NCT)]	Bukan Pokok Tebangan Akhir ialah pokok-pokok yang tidak boleh menghasilkan balak sepanjang 5m yang sekurang-kurangnya kualiti 2 atau termasuk dalam kualiti 3 kerana terdapatnya kecatatan fizikal yang dapat dilihat.
75	Posting Slip	Slip yang digunakan untuk mencatatkan bayaran deposit, premium dan debit/kredit akaun royalti dan ses pembangunan hutan pada folio lejar lesen/permit. Catatan dibuat dengan menekapkan posting slip tersebut ke atas folio lejar yang berkaitan.
76	Prima facie	Andaian undang-undang (legal presumption) yang membawa maksud pada zahirnya (on the face of it) atau pada pandangan pertama (at first sight). Prima facie ialah fakta yang anggap betul sehinggalah disanggah dengan keterangan-keterangan sebaliknya. Sebagai contoh, bukti penghantaran surat adalah dianggap bukti prima facie di mana orang yang dialamatkan dalam surat tersebut dianggap menerimanya dan keterangan ini akan diterima oleh mahkamah sehinggalah dibuktikan sebaliknya.
77	Produk Hutan Bukan Kayu	Semua produk hutan kecuali kayu-kayan, termasuk bahan-bahan lain yang diperolehi daripada pokok seperti resin dan daun serta produk-produk lain daripada tumbuhan dan haiwan.
78	Propagul	Buah dihasilkan oleh pokok bakau yang boleh bercambah kepada anak benih.
79	Pribumi	Keturunan asal penduduk yang mendominasi wilayah dalam sesebuah negara secara keseluruhan atau sebahagiannya sehingga seseorang individu daripada budaya atau etnik yang berbedza berhijrah ke wilayah tersebut dan mengatasi mereka melalui penaklukan, penempatan atau apa sahaja perbuatan yang menjadikan golongan asal ini tidak dominan atau dalam situasi dijajah; di mana mereka sekarang hidup mengikut sistem sosial, ekonomi, resam budaya dan tradisi tersendiri jika dibanding dengan institusi negara di mana mereka tinggal, yang mana struktur negeri telah menggabungkan ciri-ciri utama kebangsaan, sosial dan budaya populasi lain yang lebih dominan.
80	Pusat Ikatan (PI)	Suatu titik rujukan di atas tanah yang digunakan sebagai punca untuk menentukan kedudukan stesen permulaan sempadan. Pusat Ikatan lazimnya dipilih dari ciri geografi yang kekal seperti cabang sungai, jambatan kekal, bench mark atau stesen trigonometri. Selain dari ciri geografi yang kekal, stesen permulaan sempadan atau stesen sempadan Kawasan Kerja/Kawasan Lesen bersebelahan juga boleh digunakan sebagai PI.
81	Rancangan Mengusaha Hasil Hutan	Satu dokumen yang disediakan oleh pemegang lesen mengikut seksyen 20b(i), Akta Perhutanan Negara 1984 yang mengandungi butiran mengenai pemegang lesen, kontraktor, sumber hutan dan perancangan pelaksanaan aktiviti pengusahasilan dalam kawasan lesen.
82	Rantaian Jagaan	Saluran yang mana sesuatu produk itu diedarkan dari kawasan asalnya iaitu hutan sehingga ke kegunaan akhirnya.
83	Rawatan Silvikultur	Rawatan yang dijalankan ke atas kawasan hutan dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal yang telah diusahasilkan untuk membantu pemulihannya dan melibatkan salah satu atau lebih daripada jenis-jenis rawatan silvikultur berikut: (i) Menggelang Pokok dan Memotong Akar/Pepanjat (GCL); (ii) Memotong Akar/Pepanjat (CL); dan (iii) Tanaman Mengaya.
84	Renj Hutan	Pecahan daripada satu daerah hutan dan diketuai oleh seorang Pegawai Renj Hutan
85	Royalti	Sejumlah wang yang kena dibayar kepada Pihak Berkuasa Negeri ke atas hasil hutan yang diambil yang mana jumlahnya ditaksir berdasarkan kuantiti dan jenis hasil hutan mengikut kadar yang ditetapkan dalam Kaedah-Kaedah Hutan.
86	Ses Pembangunan Hutan	Sejumlah wang yang kena dibayar kepada pihak Berkuasa Negeri ke atas hasil hutan utama yang diambil yang mana jumlahnya ditaksir berdasarkan kuantiti dan jenis hasil utama hutan mengikut kadar yang ditetapkan dalam Jadual Ketiga APN 1984 bagi membiayai aktiviti-aktiviti pengurusan, pembangunan dan pemeliharaan hutan.
87	Sijil Kelayakan Jentera	Sijil yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Kesihatan dan Keselamatan Pekerjaan yang mengesah dan memperakukan keselamatan penggunaan mesin-mesin yang dipasang.
88	Stesen Permulaan Sempadan	Stesen pertama dalam kerja-kerja pengukuran dan penandaan sempadan Kawasan Kerja atau Kawasan Lesen/Permit.
89	Silvikultur	Cara penghasilan dan penjagaan hutan melalui manipulasi penubuhan, komposisi dan pertumbuhan hutan untuk memenuhi objektif pemilik hutan tersebut. Ianya boleh merangkumi atau tidak merangkumi pengeluaran kayu-kayan.
90	Spesies Terancam	Mana-mana spesies yang berkemungkinan dalam keadaan bahaya pada masa hadapan di semua atau sebahagian besar kawasan lingkungannya.
91	Stesen Permulaan Sempadan (SPS)	Stesen pertama dalam kerja-kerja pengukuran dan penandaan sempadan Kawasan Kerja atau Kawasan Lesen/Permit.
92	Tanam Mengaya	Suatu jenis rawatan silvikultur yang dilaksanakan ke atas kawasan-kawasan di dalam Hutan Simpanan Kekal yang telah diusahasilkan bagi membantu meningkatkan isi kandungan hutan tersebut supaya mencapai tahap yang dikehendaki terutamanya dari segi komposisi jenis-jenis pokok berpasaran dan bermutu.
93	Tag Tanda Pokok	Tag plastik berwarna tertentu dan bernombor siri yang dilekatkan pada Pokok Tebangan, Pokok Ibu, Pokok Perlindungan, Pokok Jalan, Pokok Matau dan Pokok Kongsi.
94	Tag Tanda Pokok Ibu	Tag plastik yang biasanya berukuran 3cm x 7cm dan berwarna biru (tulisan hitam) yang dilekatkan pada Pokok Ibu dan mempunyai nombor siri Pokok Ibu.
95	Tag Tanda Pokok Jalan/Pokok Matau/Pokok Kongsi	Tag plastik yang biasanya berukuran 21cm x 7cm dan berwarna oren (tulisan hitam) yang dilekatkan pada pokok jalan, pokok matau dan pokok kongsi. Tag ini mengandungi tujuh (7) lipatan tag (setiap lipatan biasanya berukuran 3cm x 7cm) yang boleh diceraikan di mana dua (2) tag teratas mempunyai nombor siri pokok manakala lima (5) tag di bawah mempunyai nombor siri pokok dan nombor tual balak.
96	Tag Tanda Pokok Tebangan	Tag plastik yang biasanya berukuran 21cm x 7cm dan berwarna putih (tulisan hitam) yang dilekatkan pada Pokok Tebangan. Tag ini mengandungi tujuh (7) lipatan tag (setiap lipatan biasanya berukuran 3cm x 7cm) yang boleh diceraikan di mana dua (2) tag teratas mempunyai nombor siri Pokok Tebangan manakala lima (5) tag di bawah mempunyai nombor siri pokok dan nombor tual balak.
97	Tag Tanda Pokok Perlindungan	Tag plastik yang biasanya berukuran 3cm x 7cm dan berwarna kuning (tulisan hitam) yang dilekatkan pada Pokok Perlindungan dan mempunyai nombor siri Pokok Perlindungan.
98	Tanda Jabatan	Tanda yang dicap pada pokok dengan menggunakan Tukul Tanda Jabatan yang ditetapkan sebagai pengesahan yang pokok berkenaan telah ditanda untuk sesuatu tujuan oleh seorang Pegawai Hutan.
99	Tanda Pengelasan	Suatu tanda nombor lesen yang dicap pada permukaan kayu balak dengan menggunakan Tukul Tanda Pengelasan bagi menunjukkan asal kayu balak tersebut.
100	Tukul Tanda Pengelasan	Tukul besi yang mempunyai tanda pengelasan yang didaftarkan di Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri oleh pemegang lesen. Tukul ini digunakan untuk mengecap tanda pengelasan pada permukaan kayu balak yang dikeluarkan dari kawasan lesen.
101	Tukul Tanda Jabatan	Tukul besi yang digunakan untuk mengecap pada pangkal pokok bagi maksud-maksud tertentu.
102	Unit Pengurusan Hutan (FMU)	Sesuatu kawasan hutan tertentu yang diurus untuk mencapai pelbagai objektif yang ditetapkan berdasarkan kepada rancangan pengurusan hutan jangka panjang.
103	Zon Penampan Alur Air	Kawasan di sepanjang kedua-dua belah tebing alur air (yang mengandungi air sepanjang masa) yang perlu dikekalkan. Pokok sempadan kawasan zon ini ditanda dengan satu (1) gelangan cat kuning.

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